Defining Honesty Essay - 502 Words

Defining Honesty Winston Churchill once said, Men occasionally stumble over the truth, but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing had happened. Everyone has in mind that honesty is being truthful in everything. Honesty is the most important thing a person should possess. He should adhere to till his death. Then People will respect one and the feelings of that are priceless. An honest person is the richest person in the world. He does not have to worry about anything or lie because the truth is the truth. The dictionary defines honesty as moral uprightness: the quality, condition, or†¦show more content†¦An honest person respects others. Another meaning of honesty is in this context, In all honesty, I really didnt know. It reflects truthfulness, candor, or sincerity. Honesty is classified as a noun in part of speech. Honesty has many similar meanings; such as uprightness, morality, trustworthiness, goodness, scrupulousness, decency, rectitude, righteousness, fairness, reliability and honor. These synonyms are all equal to truth. The meaning of honesty in this essay is applied about truth. An example of is could be that Jen is an honest person in the world, she never lies, respects others, and when she is tempted to cheat on her test, she overcomes with her power of honesty. This fits the definition about truthfulness in everything. There is also another different meaning of honesty, such as plants with flat papery seed pods: a hardy European plant with purplish or white flowers and flat silvery seed pods that are often used for indoor decoration. Its Latin name is Lunaria annua. It also called silver dollar, money plant, and satin flower. This meaning is totally different than average people know about the honesty. Normally people wont think honesty as a plant-related thing. Many would be surprised by this definition. How many would go and say honesty is a beautiful plant? There cant be a society without any honest people, because that society wouldShow MoreRelatedDefining Police Ethics And Ethics1044 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: Defining Police Ethics Defining Police Ethics Juan C. Sanchez American Public University, CMRJ 308 August 23, 2015 In today’s society, professional values and ethics play a very important role in law enforcement. In order to lead a successful career in the police force, a person must have a strong principle of value and a great knowledge of what ethics. Any person in law enforcement that chooses not to follow the principles of value and ethics will most likely notRead MoreEssay on Interpersonal Effectiveness1003 Words   |  5 PagesThe most important factor in self-presentation to me is honesty. This is how I would like to leave an impression for others to have a perception of me that I am honest which in alignment with the social moral identity. (Ph.D, Jess K. Alberts. Interpersonal Effectiveness: Psychology 180. Argosy University, 2009). Most of what I know or think I know of other people springs from what I know of myself, and that includes the quality of honesty. Whether I know myself to be mostly honest or mostly dishonestRead MoreAre The Best Men Liars? Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesdifference in the treatment of truth and falsehood between Greek and Roman cultures is one of the factors that distinguishes an individualistic Greek hero from a Roman leader-hero. From the beginning of The Odyssey, Homer describes Odysseus with the defining characteristic of cunning. In Robert Fagles’ translation, Odysseus appears as â€Å"the man of twists and turns / driven time and time again off course, once he had plundered / the hallowed heights of Troy† (Odyssey I:1-3). The epithet, â€Å"man of twistsRead MoreWilliam Damon s The Death Of Honesty1102 Words   |  5 Pages William Damon’s â€Å"The Death of Honesty† presents a solemn analysis of the decline of modern virtue due to a â€Å"dysfunctional tipping point† where honesty is no longer viewed as a moral characteristic worthy of pursuing. Dishonesty is presented as both a virtue and a vice that is shaping our contemporary society. The Hoover Institution of Stanford University published Mr. Damon’s article in 2012 under the Task Force on the Virtues of a Free Society, which would provide a target audience of studentsRead MoreThe Is Not Destroying American Culture1219 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans today thrive in a culture obsessed with proving honesty, yet riddled with falsehoods. Through the constant barrage of social media and new technology, opportunities to lie have grown exponentially, and ways to catch someone in the act have only been amplified. However, this is not all new to Americans. Since the birth of this nation, up to the present, and for the foreseeable future, the dance around truth and lie will continue. Everyone is a liar, but nobody wants to be called one. ContraryRead MoreScientific Method and Unobtrusive Measures697 Words   |  3 Pages A) unobtrusive measures B) variables C) parametric measures D) correlations 3) In the research model, the step in which the researcher specifies what he or she wants to learn about a specific topic of study is called ________. A) defining the problem B) formulating the hypothesis C) choosing the research model D) analyzing the results 4) The choice of a research method is also referred to as the ________. A) research option B) research design C) research process Read MoreHappiness And Happiness Essay799 Words   |  4 Pages Happiness and Honesty, two words that have very different meanings and ways to interpret them depending on our perspectives and experiences in life. Through the people we meet, the lessons we learn, and the things we see. . The definition of these two words can vary differently from person to person but when referring to the Oxford English Dictionary they both come with their own unique definitions. I chose to define these two words because even though they are some of the most misconceived wordsRead MoreEssay on Emerging Business Ethics Issues914 Words   |  4 Pagescontext of organizational ethics as well as how they relate to basic values, delineating abusive and intimidating behavior, and to examine the challenge of determining an ethical issue in business (O.C. Ferrell, 2011, 2008). Defining and Examining Ethical Issues When defining ethical issues in the context of organizational ethics, one must first be able to recognize what an ethical issue is in order to take the appropriate course of action. According to (O.C. Ferrell, 2011, 2008), an ethical issueRead MoreIs Friendship Part Of One s Life?850 Words   |  4 Pagesromances, fights, laughs, tears and surprises as they learn what it really means to be a friend. Therefore the TV show F.R.I.E.N.D.S represents friendship as dependable, honest, and disclosure. Being supportive of others in their bad times is a defining quality of a good friend, but being supportive of others in their good times is also essential. Friends show a true depiction of being supportive when Monica and Ross’ grandmother passes away, and all the other four friends go to the service to payRead MoreNursing : A Fine Profession Essay1457 Words   |  6 Pagesdictionary definitions, the word profession describes â€Å"an occupation whose core element is work based upon the mastery of a complex body of knowledge and skills† (Cruess, p. 75). Other very important aspects of its definition duly noted include service, honesty, proficiency, and a code of ethics—the list goes on to incorporate the importance of these values in a relationship between the profession and society. (Cruess, p. 75). Many other sources when identifying their standards of the word profession name

Analysis Of The Movie Fences - 1884 Words

Elizabeth Gillett Bl ST 38B Duran 16 October, 2015 +++ A life spent making mistakes is not only human, but expected when the life itself is seen as a mistake. While the main character, Troy, in Wilson’s play â€Å"Fences† elicits exclamations of disapproval from the readers, Troy’s background gives meaning to his poor decision making as a man, husband, and father in the 1950s. Troy’s thought process, loss of sense of self, and actions prove him to be a pure example of a black everyman. The black everyman bends under the pressure of having to be highly masculine while also living under the thumb of the white race. It is clear in every interaction Troy is in that he oozes sadness, while inwardly seething at the slightest implications of anyone around him reaching new heights. Thus making Troy’s character not only believable due to his hypocrisy, but also sympathetic as a result of the disadvantages he has lived through. I see a part of Troy in every black man I know, always wanting more, but never losin g the awareness that it may be out of their grasp. Troy is seen as an unforgivable character because of his actions, but it is his actions that reveal that he is in a perpetual cycle of longing. Troy’s ongoing dissatisfaction with life, as a result of being a black everyman in the 1950s only adds to the anger and bitterness at life disappointments. The black everyman mirrors the pain and unrequited respect that Troy feels. Which is why it is important to note that in theShow MoreRelatedThe Movie Fences Film Analysis1202 Words   |  5 PagesFences is a drama film directed, starring and produced by Denzel Washington, along with Academy Award Winner Viola Davis and adapted from the play Fences by August Wilson. The movie Fences focuses with elements of distrust and change among a working-class African-American father Troy Maxson, who makes his living as a garbage collector during the 1950s in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Maxson’s dream was to become a professional baseball player, but he was considered too old when the leag ue began recruitingRead MoreThe Movie Fences Film Analysis1254 Words   |  6 PagesFences is a drama film directed and starred by Denzel Washington, along with Academy Award Winner, Viola Davis as well as adapted from the play Fences by August Wilson. The movie Fences focuses with elements of distrust and change among a working-class African-American father Troy Maxson, works as a garbage collector during the 1950s in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Maxson’s dream was to become a professional baseball player, but he was considered too old when the league began recruiting black athletesRead MoreMovie Analysis : Rabbit Proof Fence1502 Words   |  7 Pagessee me after he failed to recapture two runaway girls. This job failure has him concerned about his daughters and his own futures, and as a result he is experiencing depression. Historical Background The movie Rabbit-Proof Fence (Noyce, 2002) based on the book Follow the Rabbit Proof Fence (Garimara, 1996), establishes the true story of the authors mother, the protagonist Molly. Both the film and novel are consistent when demonstrating key themes and ideas that occurred during the period. TheseRead MoreThe Interpretation Of August Wilsons Fences By Denzel Wilson724 Words   |  3 PagesAugust Wilsons’ play â€Å"Fences† gave the American stage one of the most renowned characters. As Wilson originally writes in the play, Troy Maxson, who is an uneducated sanitation worker and a former Negro League Baseball player is depicted as a multi-faceted tragic figure from the mid-1950s Pittsburgh of Wilson’s childhood. This being the case, in the adaptation of this play, Denzel Washington understands the kind of ‘largeness’ portrayed in Wilson’s play and is hence portrayed a shadow that Troy castsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Boy s The Stripe d Pajamas 1035 Words   |  5 PagesIn this Literary analysis report, of the book â€Å"The Boy in the Striped Pajamas†, I will be breaking down the story. Starting with the beginning introducing the main protagonist and antagonist of the movie. Then introducing the main conflict and how the protagonist tried to fix this problem, and how it was solved. The final paragraph will break down the movie even further by explaining symbols, showing what they mean, and how this movie depicted the real world. To start off, The movie â€Å"The boy in theRead MoreBoy in Striped Pajamas1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe Boy In Striped Pajamas: A Movie Analysis The film is an emotional experience highlighting the tragedy of innocence, using the point of view of an eight-year-old German boy to expose the raw psychological devastation of the era. Its an unnerving film with a knockout punch for an ending, but it feels more acceptable as an educational piece than a profoundly rewarding work of drama. This movie is based on a book that goes by the same name, The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, written by John BoyneRead MoreAn Analysis Of John Boyne s The Boy s The Striped Pajamas 1503 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause (respond in at least 2 sentences): I have watched the movie many times and I always wanted to know which was better and what the difference between the book and the film. Connecting with Character: Protagonist Bruno How do you relate to this character? Similarities Differences Beginning: Bruno wanted to meet Shmuel and become friends with him at first sight; He wanted to play with him also. But they were separated by a fence. I can relate to that because I like meeting new friends andRead MoreThe Movie Radio Analysis Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesRadio, Film analysis The dramatic and uplifting movie â€Å"Radio† starring Cuba Gooding JR. and Ed Harris, is based on the true life story of James Robert Kennedy, a k a Radio; a mentally retarded young African-American who spends his days pushing a shopping cart around the streets of Anderson, a small South Carolina town, collecting junk and old radios. The movie starts with the heartbreaking scene of Radio pushing his cart around the town, in his own little world; people are ignoring him, and aRead MoreFinding Leadership in the Movie Seabiscuit Essay example1415 Words   |  6 PagesFinding Leadership in the Movie Seabiscuit Traditionally, analysis on roles for effective leadership surround corporate or military settings with clearly defined problems, discernable issues, and areas where hypothesis can be made, models formed, predictions tested, and outcomes verified. Analyzing a film like Seabiscuit for the roles of leadership present many interesting questions about leadership and what it means to be a leader. The film Seabiscuit chronicles the lives of individuals as theyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Of Kill A Mockingbird 1271 Words   |  6 PagesJourney Tasopulos Brannen ELA-8 19 April, 2015 Novel Analysis: To Kill A Mockingbird Selection: I selected this book because its the best book I have ever read. I read To Kill A Mockingbird last year and my class wrote an essay about this book, since I already know so much about this book I thought it would be a nice and quick read. I thought it would be a great enjoyment to refresh my memory of this epic book. I watched the movie soon after I read the whole book and it was very fun to pick out

Virtual Mobile Assistants-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Investigate Advances in One of two Aspects of Mobile Computing Listed in the Assignment Description, and Write a Report Summarizing Your observation. Answer: Introduction A mobile virtual assistant can be defined as the software agents in the handheld mobile devices. The main functionality of this virtual assistant like Cortana, Siri, and Google Now is to help the users of the device to have a single point entry by using the voice input accomplish different tasks using the applications (such as searching, messaging etc.). Progress in the field of the AI (artificial intelligence), natural language processing and neural networks made it easier for the smart phone users to easily accomplish different types of tasks only via providing the voice instructions. As mentioned by Webster et al. (2014), this type of software agents/application are the able to answer users questions, provide recommendations for some specific tasks. In addition to that, these agents are also capable of performing actions as the response to the users voice request while interpreting the request using the natural language processing. All the virtual assents are mainly are mainly developed using the principles of natural language processing. This virtual assistant or the software programs utilize algorithms in order to take in to consideration the specific components from the sentence provided as input to the assistant and then matches with the most suitable output for the users query or request (O'Sullivan Grigoras, 2013). This agent always collects contextual information about its user in order to manage and plan tasks for the user. The virtual assistants mainly uses the semantic web technologies as well as different open data which are available on the Internet. On the other hand, the contextual information about the user are the calendar, location, time, appointments with others individuals, relations among different tasks as well as decomposition between them, history of tasks, user-specific interests for different tasks. Mobile virtual assistants The mobile virtual assistants are helpful for different types of users as they can accomplish different types of tasks. These virtual assistants are becoming more popular because of its simplicity and extensive variety of capabilities (Webster et al., 2014). It could be useful for those that need do things in an easier and speedier way with a single interface. The users who find it harder to type or search on the tiny small smart phone consoles or touchpads. It can likewise be utilized to help the aged individuals and youngsters to utilize the virtual assistant by saying the commands and getting the desired outcome as opposed to propelling between the different applications or going over all through contacts list down to find a particular name when need to make a call. Since the application can work disconnected (without the internet connectivity) Emergence of Mobile virtual assistants The mobile virtual assistants are developed in order to simplify the life of the users by reducing the effort which is needed to complete routine tasks such as placing a call, texting something to someone etc. (O'Sullivan Grigoras, 2013). In addition to that, retrieving data real time data about the weather, traffic movement on the streets, news/other data, remotely controlling smart home devices, requesting product purchases from online store, communication with other applications (for instance, the capacity to book an cab from a cab booking application and interacting another applications.) Technology and concept behind its functionality Every virtual assistant that are used by the smart phone users is mainly using the artificial intelligence to parse the user's instruction that user had said or typed on the console after that it returns the useful information against the users query (Webster et al., 2014). For this AI component the main objective is speech recognition of the user of the device. This type of user related data are very helpful in determining the user behavior of any specific user with higher accuracy level (this includes travels of the user, habits, search or different topic preferences of the user). Even though this is considered as one of the great aspects that helps the service providers such as google and Apple to be able to return impressively useful results for the user depending on their habits and preferences (O'Sullivan Grigoras, 2013). This is also achieved without sniffing into the users email and dipping into the users search history on the devices. Thorough voice-search history of the us ers also permits the organizations to learn the users vocal idiosyncrasies, so that the virtual assistants understand the spoken requests of the users better in the future events. Components used For the mobile virtual assistants, there are mainly three components are used. These are voice recognition, text to speech conversion and natural language processing engine (Webster et al., 2014). For this virtual agents, there are no pre-defined formats in order to request theses agents to do something (complete a task) or answer a users question. Device to get input: smart phones or the Echo Dot or other relevant devices gives a speech-based user interface to the users. Through this interfaces, the user issues voices based commands or makes inquiries, and the device responds to the query in speech (Chung et al., 2017). The devices and the interfaces are always ready for listening user commands, and just when it recognizes the keyword such as Alexa or Ok Google from its user, it transmits the audio file to the respective cloud services for processing. Cloud services to send and receive the user data: The respective cloud services get the audio file from the devices and process the command using the speech recognition technique and mapping voice commands to different actions and information customized for the user. Given the decided aim, the cloud services appoint the third party skilled server, worked by either Google /Amazon for worked in aptitudes or by an outsider for outsider application abilities. Figure 1: processing of user commands by Virtual mobile assistants (Source: Created by Author using Visio) Skill servers for processing of the user input/feature extraction: The skill servers are basically responsible for completing tasks the Google/Alexa servers may perform for a users command, for example, checking the weather condition or requesting a pizza from the store. Some of the basic tasks are offered and completed by Google/Amazon servers and come as inherent usefulness for all the users, and these are taken care of by their own servers. The general arrangement of components Voice recognition: Voice recognition is clearly the simplest and trivial stage of this whole process. When a user gives the virtual agents a command, the device gathers the users analog voice signal, changes it into a sound/audio file (converted into binary code for faster interpretations) and sends it to the processing backend servers (Chung et al., 2017). The subtleties of the users voice, the noises with the command and the neighborhood articulations make hard to interpret it in a correct way. It is called Human User Interface versus the standard Graphical User Interface we are utilized to. It is vital here that, consistently, google and apple gathers a large number of user queries of individuals talking distinctive languages, in various accents from different corners of the world. At the end of the day with their activities and errors in voice commands, individual users contribute to the improvement of the different virtual agents developed by the different organization to provid e ease of use to their users. Mobile virtual assistants today gets about a billion queries for every week, and the backend processing are able to respond to the queries with only a 5 percent mistake rate (Nguyen Sidorova, 2017). As of late, Apple, google and Microsoft are still working on the used algorithms and AIs for improving their performance and user experience. Most of the mobile virtual assistants follow a similar architecture in order to interact with the user and complete different tasks. Literature Review As mentioned in their research paper to determine a model that will help in measuring the quality of the user experience and usability of the mobile virtual personal assistants, the user experience needs to be the most important component in the design and development of virtual mobile assistants. The researchers explored that, visual interaction with the virtual assistants is another component that must be considered as the important segments to the Virtual mobile assistants that is not present in the virtual assistants when contrasted with a human assistant. It is a question worth inquiring as to whether we ought to try and investigate the visual viewpoint keeping in mind the end goal to enhance the quality of interaction with the virtual assistants (Webster et al., 2014). In any case, there are a few different segments of the existing virtual mobile assistants that are known to be the confinement. Initially, building up an ideal tone and pitch to convey that coveted effect of the voice is also important. Furthermore, the precise identification of commands given in different languages and accents restrains the reliance and use of a virtual mobile assistant. In addition to that, the researchers McTear, Callejas and Griol (2016), opined that in any assessment of a mobile virtual assistant framework it is important to critically ensure the user satisfaction while they interact with the assistants (O'Sullivan Grigoras, 2013). Multimodal interfaces consolidate visual and sound-related signals to advance the interactions. However, they raise new difficulties concerning the ease of use and adequacy of such interfaces. From the results of the Project FASiL or Flexible and Adaptive Spoken Language and Multimodal Interfaces project , a virtual assistant framework was created to comprehend which factors influence the client encounter and the acknowledgment of multimodal administrations. Results demonstrate that a conversational and multimodal approach was extremely all around acknowledged and upheld by the users (Chung et al., 2017). Moreover, the quality and speed of the framework criticism and in addition the acknowledgment precision of the talked parts are key components to a better user interaction. As per the investigation of the researchers found that the level of user satisfaction depends on the extent of interactivity, sense of presence of the virtual assistant, degree of reliability, degree of dependency, extent of focused attention , easiness of use, extent of satisfaction and the extent of users expectation being met (Webster et al., 2014). The VPA is relied upon to help and improve the accompanying highlights: Informing the user: Mobile experts can oversee voice message, email and faxes utilizing their VPA from the street. Managing Contact: Scheduling, arranging, aggregate date-book, contact and referral association, all can be dealt and using the virtual mobile assistant. Call Control: The virtual assistants empowers remote users to perform gathering calling and call administration. Warning and sending highlights enable remote clients to be told instantly when they get particular phone messages, messages, faxes, or pages (Nguyen Sidorova, 2017). Web Applications: The virtual mobile assistants enables the users to get to and connect with the web to offer assistance them source data going from climate, headings and calendars, to stock execution, aggressive information and news. All are utilizing basic, conversational voice orders. Security and privacy issues Issue 1 In most of the cases, the virtual assistant sends the users queries or requests to the main server to parse and process the command or the request. After processing the request the suitable response to the query is send back to the users device. When the user's request are sent to the main server for the processing, it is sent with unique device ID so that the response to the query. Even though the user queries that are combined with distinctive device IDs that are not connected to any of the specific users but Apple provisions this user requests to the Siri with the corresponding device IDs at least for six months (O'Sullivan Grigoras, 2013). In addition to that, after six months when the IDs are deleted they keep the audio clip of the users request for additional 18 months. Thus in case the main server or the IT infrastructure of the company. Issue 2 In Most of the cases, it is found that the mobile virtual assistants respond to the indirect speech of the user. These assistants execute commands/orders conveyed by means of a voice message, voice recording. In addition, the assistants can execute the same command more than once, regardless of the possibility that those commands are delivered from the same digital sound file (Coskun-Setirek Mardikyan, 2017). This happens as the assistant is not able to distinguish between a recorded voice and natural voice of a user. In addition to that, these assistants are additionally ready and area able to execute the commands that goes through obstructions. Issue 3 The virtual mobile assistants are also vulnerable to the different hacking attacks which in turn help the hacker to take control of the Users Amazon Echo. After getting control over the Echo, they can convert it into a personal Eavesdropping microphone to spy on a user. In addition to that, it is also found that the virtual assistants like the Googles Assistant and Apple's Siri are also can be hijacked by using the inaudible sounds ( sounds that are not audible to the human due to their too high frequency; more than 20,000Hz ). Researchers from Zhejiang University were able to hack and get the control over Siri the virtual assistant used for the MacBooks and iPhones, Cortana that is used for windows PC, Bixby of Samsung phones and Amazon Echo speakers (Coskun-Setirek Mardikyan, 2017). Even though the exploitation of the vulnerabilities of this mobile assistants requires attackers high level knowledge of embedded systems as well as Linux operating, but after gaining the control over this tools Issue 4 Again the virtual mobile assistants are not able to differentiate the users from their voice. Therefore, it is possible for the other users to order or command anything through this virtual assistant. As a result, the unauthorized and unauthenticated users can order and provide different commands to the users. Early in this year, a TV channel of California Channel CW-6 was reporting a childrens order of doll house and some cookies, eventually the other Alexa of the devices of at the viewers homes also collected the anchors command as the command from its users and ordered dollhouses and resulted in huge amount of orders for the dollhouse. Reasons behind its popularity Following are the reasons behind the success of these virtual mobile assistants, Least amount of effort required for the user to complete a task: The main objective of these virtual mobile assistants are to make the life of the user easier. A key prerequisite is that the administration does not take much time from the user (Webster et al., 2014). Use of the virtual assistants helps the user to not to be loaded with programming contents of any sort nor with acquiring any sort of specialized learning about the framework to use the virtual assistants. Keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish this usefulness the framework ought to learn autonomously from the user input. Supervision by the users: In the use of the virtual assistants one of the most important features is that the user holds control over the behavior of the virtual assistants. Adaptive: The framework adjusts rapidly to the changing inclinations of the users need. Benefits of Virtual mobile assistant A mobile virtual assistant is considered as a mix of natural language processing with the artificial intelligence. With the above mentioned two tools, it is feasible for the virtual assistants to be able to process an expansive volumes of information and to answer or solve the user queries with a more than 90 percent precision rate. In other words, a mobile virtual assistant is a customized, computerized digital character, which gives data and assistance in completing tasks to their users (Chung et al., 2017). This aide underpins clients' inquiries on themes, for example, organization points of interest including money related and financial specialist related subtle elements, item portfolios, and innovation related data. They give better client engagement when contrasted with client officials. These virtual assistants made the life of the people easier as they can send an instant message or email utilizing voice orders to their assistants, check their timetable or routine for a given day, use different applications installed in their devices, and turn different settings off and on as per their needs (Coskun-Setirek Mardikyan, 2017). Started with the Siri, in the year 2011 now there are various assistants are available for the users for different platforms (such as Google assistant for android devices, Bixby for the Samsung devices etc.) Limitations Most of the virtual assistants need the continuous and uninterrupted internet connections as the commands of the users are sent over to the servers at the apple headquarters in order to process the command so that the virtual assistant can respond with the appropriate response to the user (O'Sullivan Grigoras, 2013). If the user does not have a stable internet connection, then Siri or other virtual assistants would not be able to respond to the user request. Issues impacting its future There are different types of attack that are able to intercept the data pockets between the mobile assistant and other services. These intercepted data packets can be then analyzed in order to recover sensitive data sent over the transmission medium (Coskun-Setirek Mardikyan, 2017). In worst case scenario the listeners or the hackers may tray and able to recover personal any individuals personal details, economic payment information for the purchases by the users from transmitted data packets. Possible feature of this technology With all the above mentioned limitations and issues with the mobile virtual assistants, with this trend of research and development in the field of the virtual assistants, it is possible that the mobile virtual assistants in the future will continually prompt the users to provide suggestions for a specific tasks and taking command/instructions from the users of the device. In this course of action, the virtual mobile assistant will know more about their users than perhaps they do about themselves by analyzing the different aspects (Webster et al., 2014). Thus the future of the mobile virtual assistants would not be separate and distinct. On the contrary they will be embodied and unified as one entity. With ongoing development in the field of the speech recognition and natural language processing will help in the better understanding of the users command to the assistants. This improvements will help the virtual assistants to improve their adaptive learning process. According to the USA based media and analytics company comScore, there will be 200 billion searches by the year 2020, of which 50 billion searches will be done through the voice based searches. In the future, there will be a more noteworthy requirement for different online platforms to collect or harness user information, caught at various points, for example, following client activities at different times, product or other preferences, and so on (O'Sullivan Grigoras, 2013). Information could be utilized over the different times and user activities for the learning process of the AI and take preventive measures to avoid the unwanted errors while executing the user commands. For instance, the AI behind the virtual assistant could use these data in different user product purchases where the analysis of the user data will make the process of purchasing a product easier by sorting the products on the on line stores as per the preferences of the users as collected and analyzed from the d ata (Bellegarda, 2014). The mobile virtual assistants could likewise be utilized as a part of other capacities, for example, in users different decision making, where the mobile virtual assistants could give mechanized answers to the other recipients which would help in the reducing the expenses and improve responsiveness of the virtual assistant . Contextually it can be said that presently there are development in the field of the augmented reality based mobile virtual assistant that will be capable of answering the queries and complete other related tasks asked by the user of it. In the development of the virtual assistants that acts in the augmented reality for the user, an intuitive and unobtrusive multimodal interface for the users. The users of the device will provide voice command to the assistant (Coskun-Setirek Mardikyan, 2017). Using voice recognition process, the feature extraction is done from the given command. In the response process the, text to speech process is utilized in order to provide the response to their users. The virtual assistant selects the objects in the real environment of the user by using the gaze based approach while determining the location of the user by using the GPS feature of the device. Viewing direction of the assistant is determined by the orientation sensor of the device. Conclusion One of the best features of the mobile virtual assistants are, these assistants are able to learn and adapt to the different situations without any human supervision. These enable the users of the devices of smart phones and tablets, to speak the natural language as the voice commands for operating the applications and other services. This also helps in order to operate the mobile device and its different applications to complete different tasks. Device users can speak commands and can have audible confirmation responses from the agent in order to send messages, set reminders, call someone, operate music and video applications on the phone, tablets. References Bellegarda, J. R. (2014). Spoken language understanding for natural interaction: The siri experience. InNatural Interaction with Robots, Knowbots and Smartphones(pp. 3-14). Springer, New York, NY. Canbek, N. G., Mutlu, M. E. (2016). On the track of Artificial Intelligence: Learning with intelligent personal assistants.Journal of Human Sciences,13(1), 592-601. Causey III, J. D., Purvis, R. E., Henke, J. L. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,579,813. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Chung, H., Iorga, M., Voas, J., Lee, S. (2017). Alexa, Can I Trust You?.Computer,50(9), 100-104. Coskun-Setirek, A., Mardikyan, S. (2017). Understanding the Adoption of Voice Activated Personal Assistants.International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications (IJESMA),9(3), 1-21. McTear, M., Callejas, Z., Griol, D. (2016). The Dawn of the Conversational Interface. InThe Conversational Interface(pp. 11-24). Springer International Publishing. Nguyen, Q. N., Sidorova, A. (2017). AI capabilities and user experiences: a comparative study of user reviews for assistant and non-assistant mobile apps. O'Sullivan, M. J., Grigoras, D. (2013, March). The cloud personal assistant for providing services to mobile clients. InService Oriented System Engineering (SOSE), 2013 IEEE 7th International Symposium on(pp. 478-485). IEEE. Saad, U., Afzal, U., El-Issawi, A., Eid, M. (2017). A model to measure QoE for virtual personal assistant. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 76(10), 12517-12537. Santos, J., Rodrigues, J. J., Casal, J., Saleem, K., Denisov, V. (2016). Intelligent personal assistants based on internet of things approaches.IEEE Systems Journal. Sarda, S., Shah, Y., Das, M., Saibewar, N., Patil, S. (2017). VPA: Virtual Personal Assistant.International Journal of Computer Applications,165(1). Webster, M., Dixon, C., Fisher, M., Salem, M., Saunders, J., Koay, K. L., Dautenhahn, K. (2014). Formal verification of an autonomous personal robotic assistant. Proc. AAAI FVHMS, 74-79

Julius Caesar Essays (744 words) - , Term Papers

Julius Caesar In the play of Julius Caesar, we see a brief picture of Roman life during the time of the First Triumvirate. In this snap shot, we see many unfortunate things. Shakespeare gives us the idea that many people try to circumvent what the future holds, such as unfortunate things, by being superstitious. Superstition seems to play a role in the basic daily life of most Roman citizens. For instance, the setting of the first scene is based upon superstition, the Feast of Lupercal. This feast is in honor of the god Pan, the queen of fertility. During this time, infertile females are supposed to be able to procreate, and fertile ones are supposed to be able to bear more. It is also a supposed time of sexual glorification and happiness. Other scenes depict how throughout Rome, roaming the streets are mysterious sooth-sayers, who are supposedly given the power to predict the future. Dictating what is to come through terse tidbits, these people may also be looked upon as superstitious. In the opening scene, one sooth-sayer, old in his years, warns Caesar to "Beware the Ides of March," an admonition of Caesar's impending death. Although sooth-sayers are looked upon by many as insane out of touch lower classmen, a good deal of them, obviously including the sayer Caesar encountered, are indeed right on the mark. Since they lack any formal office or shop, and they predict forthcomings without fee, one can see quite easily why citizens would distrust their predictions. Superstition, in general elements such as the Feast of Lupercal, as well as on a personal level such as with the sooth-sayers, is an important factor in determining the events and the outcome of Julius Caesar, a significant force throughout the entire course of the play. Before the play fully unravels, we see a few of signs of Caesar's tragic end. Aside from the sooth-sayer's warning, we also see another sign during Caesar's visit with the Augerers, the latter day "psychics". They find "No heart in the beast", which they interpret as advice to Caesar that he should remain at home. Ceasar brushes it off and thinks of it as a rebuke from the gods, meaning that he is a coward if he does not go out, and so he dismisses the wise advice as hearsay. However, the next morning, his wife Calphurnia wakes up frightened due to a horrible nightmare. She tells Caesar of a battle breaking out in the heart of Rome, "Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol," with Caesar painfully dying, such that "...The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes." Although Caesar realizes Calphurnia is truly concerned about his well-being, he seeks another interpretation, coming to the conclusion that the person who imagines the dream may not be the wisest one to interpret it's meaning. Later Caesar tells his faithful companion Decius about it, and he interprets it quite the contrary, "That it was a vision fair and fortunate," and indeed, today is an ideal day to go out, since this is the day "To give a crown to mighty Caesar." Perhaps Decius is implying here that today is a day where much appreciation and appraisal will be given to Caesar, surely not the endangerment of his well-being as Calphurnia interprets it. Caesar predictably agrees with him, as most citizens enjoy believing the more positive of two interpretations. After Caesar's assasination at the hand of Brutus, Cassius, and the rest of the conspirators, Brutus and Cassius are chased into the country side, where we see a few superstitious signs of their forthcoming painful death in battle. In a dream, Brutus sees Caesar's "ghost", interpreted as an omen of his defeat. He also looks upon the ensign, and instead of the usual stock of eagles, ravens and kites replace them, construed as another sign of their loss at Phillipi. Not surprisingly, Caesar's death is avenged in the end, with the two of the conspirators' double suicide. As superstition is inter-twined within the basis of the entire play, we can reasonably conclude that it is because of this irrational belief of why certain events occur and how to avoid them, that Caesar is retired and eventually avenged. In the words of Caesar's

Follow the evolution of the road from path to pavement

Follow the evolution of the road from path to pavement The first indications of constructed roads date from about 4000 BC and consist of stone-paved streets at Ur in modern-day Iraq and timber roads preserved in a swamp in Glastonbury, England. Late 1800s Road Builders The road builders of the late 1800s depended solely on stone, gravel, and sand for construction. Water would be used as a binder to give some unity to the road surface. John Metcalfe, a Scot born in 1717, built about 180 miles of roads in Yorkshire, England (even though he was blind). His well-drained roads were built with three layers: large stones; excavated road material; and a layer of gravel. Modern tarred roads were the result of the work of two Scottish engineers, Thomas Telford and John Loudon McAdam. Telford designed the system of raising the foundation of the road in the center to act as a drain for water. Thomas Telford (born 1757) improved the method of building roads with broken stones by analyzing stone thickness, road traffic, road alignment, and gradient slopes. Eventually, his design became the norm for all roads everywhere. John Loudon McAdam (born 1756) designed roads using broken stones laid in symmetrical, tight patterns and covered with small stones to create a hard surface. McAdams design, called macadam roads, provided the greatest advancement in road construction. Asphalt Roads Today, 96% of all paved roads and streets in the U.S. - almost two million miles - are surfaced with asphalt. Almost all paving asphalt used today is obtained by processing crude oils. After everything of value is removed, the leftovers are made into asphalt cement for pavement. Man-made asphalt consists of compounds of hydrogen and carbon with minor proportions of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Natural forming asphalt, or brea, also contains mineral deposits. The first road use of asphalt occurred in 1824 when asphalt blocks were placed on the Champs-Élysà ©es in Paris. Modern road asphalt was the work of Belgian immigrant Edward de Smedt at Columbia University in New York City. By 1872, De Smedt had engineered a modern, well-graded, maximum-density asphalt. The first uses of this road asphalt were in Battery Park and on Fifth Avenue in New York City in 1872 and on Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington D.C., in 1877. History of Parking Meters Carlton Cole Magee invented the first parking meter in 1932 in response to the growing problem of parking congestion. He patented it in 1935 (US patent #2,118,318) and started the Magee-Hale Park-O-Meter Company to manufacturer his parking meters. These early parking meters were produced at factories in Oklahoma City and Tulsa, Oklahoma. The first was installed in 1935 in Oklahoma City. The meters were sometimes met with resistance from citizen groups; vigilantes from Alabama and Texas attempted to destroy the meters en masse. The name Magee-Hale Park-O-Meter Company was later changed to the P.O.M. company, a trademarked name made from the initials of Park-O-Meter. In 1992, POM began marketing and selling the first fully electronic parking meter, the patented APM Advanced Parking Meter, with features such as a free-fall coin chute and a choice of solar or battery power. By definition, traffic control is the supervision of the movement of people, goods, or vehicles to ensure efficiency and safety. For example, in 1935, England established the first 30 MPH speed limit for town and village roads. Rules are one method of controlling traffic, however, many inventions are used to support traffic control. For example, in 1994, William Hartman received a patent for a method and apparatus for painting highway markings or lines. Perhaps the best known of all inventions related to traffic control is traffic lights. Traffic Lights The worlds first traffic lights were installed near Londons House of Commons (intersection of George and Bridge Streets) in 1868. They were invented by J.P. Knight. Among the many early traffic signals or lights created the following are noted: Earnest Sirrine of Chicago, Illinois patented (976,939) perhaps the first automatic street traffic system in 1910. Sirrines system used the nonilluminated words stop and proceed.Lester Wire of Salt Lake City, Utah invented (unpatented) electric traffic lights in 1912 that used red and green lights.James Hoge patented (1,251,666) manually controlled traffic lights in 1913, which were installed in Cleveland, Ohio a year later by the American Traffic Signal Company. Hoges electric-powered lights used the illuminated words stop and move.William Ghiglieri of San Francisco, California patented (1,224,632) perhaps the first automatic traffic signal using colored lights (red and green) in 1917. Ghiglieris traffic signal had the option of being either manual or automatic.Around 1920, William Potts a Detroit policeman invented (unpatented) several automatic electric traffic light systems including an overhanging four-way, red, green, and yellow light system. The first to use a yellow light. Garrett Morgan received a patent for an inexpensive to produce manual traffic signal in 1923. Dont Walk Signs On February 5, 1952, the first Dont Walk automatic signs were installed in New York City.

How To Avoid Costly Mistakes In Influencer Marketing With Shane Barker

How To Avoid Costly Mistakes In Influencer Marketing With Shane Barker Did you do a lot of stupid things when you were a kid? Did you get caught and yelled at? Was your #1 go-to argument: Well, my buddy was doing it first only to be told, â€Å"Well, if your friend jumped off a bridge, would you do it, too?† As a kid, there are certain people who influence and inspire you. As you get older, that doesn’t change. About 92% of consumers trust earned media, such as word-of-mouth and recommendations from friends and family, more so than any other form of advertising. The result: Influencer marketing. Today, we’re talking to Shane Barker, a digital marketing consultant who specializes in influencer marketing. He shares the top three things needed to execute a successful influencer marketing strategy, as well as pitfalls to avoid. Influencer marketing is the practice of using social media influencers to promote your brand, Website, or products Social media influencers have some type of influence over their followers, who trust and believe in them for information and guidance Don’t look at the follower count; number of followers incentivizes who is an influencer, but fake followers are used to make that happen Brands that use influencer marketing successfully include LinkedIn and LikeToKnowIt Software can be used to find influencers consider engagement rates and profiles, not â€Å"likes†; conduct research to build a long-term relationship Pitfalls to Avoid: Don’t go after the influencer with the largest following and spend time selecting and setting expectations for an influencer Measure success of influencer marketing via affiliate codes/links, Website/landing page traffic, brand mentions, engagement rates, etc. Future of Influencer Marketing: How to scale this type of marketing, develop a win-win strategy, and educate brands on how to find influencers Links: Shane Barker Shane Barker’s Email Content Solutions Global Trust in Advertising and Brand Messages LinkedIn The Sophisticated Marketer’s Guide to LinkedIn Liketoknow.it Grin Influence.co Fiverr Send suggested AMP topics and guests If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Shane Barker: â€Å"Influencer marketing is essentially the practice of using social media influencers to promote your brand, Website, or products.† â€Å"These people have some type of influence over their following.† â€Å"Not all engagement is good engagement. Is that an influencer you want to have your name associated with?† That’s one of the big questions is like, Oh, what do I pay an influencer? Well, it really depends. It really depends on the influencer because each one of them run their business differently.

Heart disease in older people Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Heart disease in older people - Term Paper Example Heart diseases mostly affect the aged since they have a very weak system. According to Elliot, Aitken & Chaboyer (2006) about 43% of deaths among the aged population in Australia is usually caused by heart diseases. This paper will focus on smoking and obesity as factors causing heart diseases. The paper will focus on diabetes pressure as the heart disease. According to the Diabetes Atlas (2007), diabetes is chronic condition which is result of an individual having too much sugar in their blood system. Diabetes is also associated with a low production of insulin in the blood system. An insight on obesity as a causing factor indicates it as a major cause. Less generation of insulin in the body can be caused by lack of physical exercises. An obese person has fewer activities which lowers the activity levels of the metabolic system (Williams, 2002). An inactive metabolic system generates very low levels of insulin in the body. Reduced insulin levels make it difficult for one to control their blood sugar levels. In the older population, obesity makes it difficult for them to recover from diabetes. As a factor causing heart diseases high cholesterol levels are the main factors. Obesity in older people is accompanied by greater levels of cholesterol. High cholesterol causes hardening of arteries. This in turn leads to blood clots in the arteries and sudden heart attacks. In Australia the causes of heart attacks and obesity caused by high cholesterol is at 23% annually (Mitchell & Zwaan, 2007)). From the percentage 19% of the diagnosed individuals are above the age of 25. In Australia, smoking is the leading cause of heart diseases in older people. From the heart diseases, diabetes is one of the major diseases diagnosed. Apart from nicotine cigarettes contain other chemicals which have harmful effects to the heart. The chemicals heart the rhythm of the heart, cholesterol levels in the heart and the blood pressure. In older people the effects

Evidences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evidences - Essay Example 79). The principle also posits that the more violent the contact, the higher the possibility of the transfer and that a person’s body, including his clothing, is a rich source of trace materials that he accumulated from contact with things, persons and places. The main advantage of trace evidence is that their microscopic nature allows their transfer from one surface to another without detection by the naked eyes. However, trace evidence are not treated with equal weight when presented as evidence in courts but their value are considered on a case to case basis. Trace evidence include, among others, fingerprints, DNA, hair, lint from clothes, scratched paint, broken glass and dirt in shoes (Mozayani & Noziglia 2006 p 265). Trace evidence are processed in the laboratory by a trace evidence analyst, also known as a forensic scientist, and these microscopic evidence are characterized, identified and compared with other trace evidence in other cases, and introduced in court to comprise the evidence of a party (Houck 2003 p 1). Before they are processed however, they need to be collected carefully from the scene of the crime. It was Locard who recommended that trace evidence that can be seen by a magnifier should be collected using tweezers or needles and placed in folded paper packets. On the other hand, garments or clothing can be scraped, brushed or shaken for trace evidence over clean paper. When trace evidence are completely invisible to the naked eye, Dr. Max Frei-Sulzer of the Zurich Police Department Crime Laboratory recommended using tr ansparent tape over the suspected area as a means of lifting the trace material. The same method of tape lift, albeit of a different type, can be used on gunshot residue (GSR) particles. GSR are examined under a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which are collected from the hands or clothing of the suspect, particularly in areas where the gun made contact after it was fired (Mozayani & Noziglia 2006 p 266). The

Charter Accounting Essay Example for Free

Charter Accounting Essay Mr John Potts is a chartered accountant who owns his own firm. Potts works in all fields associated with business and finance in the private sector. He also employs workers to work in his firm assisting him in all aspects of his work. His office is just a five minute drive from his house which is an advantage as he can go to and from his house when necessary. He usually works from 9am to 7pm however, these hours are flexible. Mr Potts has a choice of working at his office or working at home. The activities he does include maintaining accounting records and preparing accounts and management information for small businesses (accountancy); advising clients on business transactions, such as mergers and acquisitions (corporate finance); advising clients who are in financial difficulty to help them turn the business around or to handle the disposal of the business (corporate recovery/insolvency); detecting and preventing fraud (forensic accounting) and much other activities. In order for Mr Potts to be able to complete his tasks, he uses some technologies which assist him with his work life, social life and personal life. Technology 1 CCTV Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to transmit signals to a certain place so an area is fully monitored for safety of others and crime. The most measurable effect of CCTV is not on crime prevention, but on detection and prosecution. Several notable murder cases have been solved with the use of CCTV evidence, making the environment a safer place for the public. CCTV Work Related Use John Potts has many CCTV cameras around his workplace. The signal is sent to many monitors in his office and his study at home. This is so he can monitor outside activities and keep an eye out for any crimes that may occur. When Potts is not able to attend his office, he is still able to access the images from his study at home. Using the images, he can contact his security guards to check a specific area in his building. The advantages of having installed cctv cameras is that he can see what is going on around his building, therefore he does not have to be everywhere at all times. Another advantage is that he can access the images from home when he is unable to go to his office. This technology also has some disadvantages. One of these is that he will occasionally get worried of any crimes near his building which forces him to constantly check his monitors. This may be interfering with his social life as he would be too worried about his workplace. Another advantage is that the signals may not be received all the time due to incomplete installation of the cameras. This technology has improved the working style of Mr Potts as he is able to keep an eye out for any unusual events taking part around his building. Technology 2 Personal Digital Assistant (HP iPAQ 200 Enterprise Handheld) The HP iPAQ 200 Enterprise Handheld (PDA) has many features which aids many businessmen. First of all, the PDA has a 4 inch touch screen display and has a stylish design making it a great deployment platform for enterprise applications. Secondly, using the integrated 802.11b/g wireless networking, Mr Potts is able to connect to the Internet and access his email. He is also able to connect Bluetooth peripheral such as headsets or keyboards. He is also able to use applications like Word, PowerPoint and Excel Word, PowerPoint and Excel on his PDA using Microsoft Office Mobile. Also, Mr Potts is able to store his business-critical information with high-capacity SDIO and Compact Flash. The advantages of this device are that its very ideal for businessmen as it is like five devices in one. Having many uses, the PDA benefits mostly businessmen who need access to the computer while on the move. A disadvantage of this device is that it is an ideal item that is of interest to many muggers in the world today putting you in danger due to being in possession of this device. Personal Digital Assistant Personal Use Mr Potts is always on the move, around the city and very often he travels abroad for job purposes. When he is waiting for his flight, he does not need to carry his laptop with him all the time as his HP iPAQ 200 Enterprise Handheld (PDA) is an equivalent to his laptop. He is able to connect to the internet using Wifi which allows him to browse the internet to entertain herself by listening to music and watching videos. The advantages of this device are that it is more ideal as it is much smaller. He is still able to access his emails and many documents without the need of carrying a laptop. A disadvantage of this device is that he will need to extend his memory capacity constantly as he uploads a lot of information to his device which helps him with his job. Another disadvantage of this device is that he has to be very careful as the device is very fragile; the screen can be cracked. Also he is in danger of having his personal information known if he is not careful with his device. Personal Digital Assistant Social Use Due to the wireless technology, Mr Potts can connect to the internet and use his email address to sign into Windows Live Messenger and chat to his friends. His device works exactly like a computer as he often sends, to his family, many photographs of famous landmarks that he took while he was abroad. Other than this, Mr Potts uses his PDA mostly for work related activities. Personal Digital Assistant Work Related Use When it comes to Mr Pottss job related activities, his PDA is the ideal device. While he is away abroad, his personal secretary sends him copies of documents by email. He later retrieves these documents from his PDA. He very often makes many spreadsheets on his laptop. This is also possible to do on his PDA which he does. His PDA can also create word documents which is very beneficial to him as he doesnt need to go to his computer at all times or carry a laptop when he can carry a palm sized device which enables him to do everything that he can do on his laptop. But unfortunately, Mr Potts is required to expand his memory as the capacity may not be enough after having many documents on his PDA. When Mr Potts has access to his computer, he usually sends documents that he believes that he will need later to herself by email. He has sent almost all important files to herself by email. This is done so he can access and download them onto his PDA when he is away from home or access to a computer. Mr Pottss PDA consists of important details of his clients, individual clients and business clients, such as phone numbers, addresses etc. If he did not have this device however, he would have had to carry a small notepad, writing in the details every time. This wastes paper and time as he has to search for a clients details. This device is ideal to store information like this on it as he can quickly find someones details by entering a few letters of their name. The PDA will then narrow down the search until Mr Potts can view the details. A disadvantage of having a PDA in possession is that he has to take it almost everywhere with him as it contains relevant information. He has to be very careful with his valuable device as it may contain confidential information which can be accessed by anyone if he loses or misplaces his device. Technology 3 Mobile Phone (Nokia N95) Another device used by Mr Potts is his mobile phone, Nokia N95. The Nokia N95 is a smart phone with many unbelievable features. First of all, the multimedia abilities. The N95 has an outstanding music player that supports MP3, WMA, RealAudio, SP-MIDI, AAC+, eAAC+, MIDI, AMR, M4A and True Tones. Next is the Internet. The N95 has built in Wi-fi which can be used to gain access to the internet. The web browser displays the webpage in full whereas other phones display simplified versions of the webpage. Another feature of this smart phone is the integrated GPS. Below the 0 key on the N95s keypad is an integrated GPS receiver. The phone is shipped with navigation software and maps are free to download over the internet. Mobile Phone Personal Use Mr Potts is really into his music. He listens to his mp3 tracks via the music player on his Nokia N95 which supports the formats mentioned above. He also uses his phone to entertain herself by watching many videos at DVD like quality on the 2.6 inch screen. Another feature on this phone widely used by Mr Potts is the 5 mega pixel camera located at the back of the device. With this, he is able to capture great pictures at amazing quality. An advantage of this is that when he is away and needs to take photos, he does not need to take another device, a camera; instead he can take his phone which enables him to take many pictures at an equivalent quality of his own camera. The smart phone also has a Flash Player. With this software in the phone, Mr Potts is able to put many games onto his phone which will keep him busy entertaining herself for a long time. Mobile Phone Social Use As he is often out and about he is not seen at home for many hours. While he is on his lunch break, Mr Potts uses his time to make quick phone calls home to chat to his wife and his son. An advantage of this device is that when Mr Potts has not got his laptop or PDA, he is still able to talk to his friends over Windows Live Messenger by connecting to the mobile internet. Another advantage is that he saves a lot of coins as with his phone, he has many free minutes which allows him to make many calls whereas if he was not in possession of a mobile phone, he would have had to carry coins around with him to use a payphone. A disadvantage of this device however is that this can increase his phone bill. Mobile Phone Work Related Use Mr Potts is a very busy man, always working. He needs to make many phone calls, which is part of his day to day life, spending many hours on the phone to his clients. Without his N95 it is almost impossible for Mr Potts to go to work as he receives many phone calls often concerning his job. If he is ever in a situation where he has forgotten his laptop or PDA and cannot access his email account to download files, he is still able to do so with his phone by connecting to the mobile internet. He can also make quick notes on his phone which remind him what he needs to do and when he needs to complete specific tasks by if he has forgotten to take his PDA with him. Technology 4 Microsoft Office Excel 2007 Microsoft Office Excel 2007 is an influential software used to produce and format spreadsheets and to analyze and distribute information to make more informed decisions. This new software has many features which include ? Chart Formatting tools which help create and format professional-looking charts with greater ease using fewer clicks. ? Support for PDF and XML Paper Specification (XPS) file formats helps convert spreadsheets into a fixed file format for easier sharing. ? Report management features help protect confidential business information while ensuring people can view the data they need. ? Chart Formatting tools help you create and format professional-looking charts with greater ease using fewer clicks. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 Personal Use Mr Potts records his day to day spending on a spreadsheet using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 to calculate a budget for his family to spend so he can cut down costs for unnecessary things. He first records the amount spent for a couple of months. He then calculates and produces a budget and attempts to stick to that budget for a couple of months. He then records this and then compares both spreadsheets and sees where the unnecessary spending has occurred. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 Social Use During his breakfast, Mr Potts spends his time doing many crossword puzzles and also does these puzzles in his spare time. He expands his interest by making his own crossword puzzles on Excel. He then sends them to his friends making them spend their spare time completing the puzzles and requesting them to send back reviews via email so he can improve his work. Also, Mr Davison buys and sells many shares on the stock market and keeps tracks with his data by recording his information onto a spreadsheet. Mr Potts has an interest in gaming and creates many games using excel. Along with the crossword puzzles, he sends it off to his friends and again receives many reviews which suggest ideas which may lead to him improving the games and enhancing gaming experience. As mentioned previously, Mr Potts sends documents to herself to his email so he can access them later. These documents also include the crossword puzzles and games. He plays them on his laptop while on his lunch break. Whenever he does not have access to his laptop, he plays the game with his friends on his PDA. The game opens up as a spreadsheet file which is supported by his HP iPAQ 200 Enterprise Handheld as it has Microsoft Office Mobile. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 Work Related Use Mr Potts produces spreadsheets for many of his clients (individuals and businesses) advising them on tax planning within current legislation to enable them to minimise their tax liability and he also calculates clients tax liabilities. Some of the activities that Mr Potts performs that may use Microsoft Office Excel 2007 are ? Producing reports and recommendations following internal audits or public sector value for money audits. # ? Preparing financial statements, including monthly and annual accounts. ? Preparing financial management reports, including financial planning and forecasting. ? Advising on tax and treasury issues and many other tasks. To perform activities using Microsoft Office Excel 2007, Mr Potts needs access to his computer. He produces these files on his computer at home or at his office. Mr Potts produces spreadsheets with the company of his client to provide him with any certain information. This is done by inviting his client to his office and working at his computer or he meets up with his client at their house and works on his laptop. As mentioned before, Mr Potts sends important files to herself by email so he can access them later. When he is free, he often spends time finishing off his spreadsheets. Occasionally, as he is on the move he does not take his laptop, however he is still able to complete his tasks by connecting to the internet by the integrated wireless technology on his HP iPAQ 200 Enterprise Handheld and accessing the files from his email account and downloading them onto his PDA. He is able to complete this spreadsheet as his PDA has the Excel application provided by Microsoft Office Mobile. In conclusion, I suppose that without the help from the above technologies and other technologies, Mr John Potts will find it very difficult to complete his day to day life. As mentioned previously, he is not able to perform many tasks without the aid of the above technologies. For example, without the help of his PDA Mr Potts cannot easily access his clients personal details. Also, without his computer/laptop he is not able to complete any other tasks. Due to the aid provided by these technologies, Mr Potts has been able to develop his personal, social, and work life.

Service Learning Should NOT be Mandatory For College Students Essay

Service learning is the name for forcing college students to do volunteer work as part of their college careers. The hope is that this volunteer work will give students a better sense of civic duty, and thus, be a worthy addition to college curriculums. However, this idea relies on the faulty premise that if one is forced to volunteer that one will derive the same benefits as someone who does it out of their own desire to help. Mandatory service learning will not have the desired effect, and should not be forced upon students. It is perhaps intuitive to think that by making students help others there will be a net positive; there could be no downside to volunteering time and effort to help the community. However, a more detailed inspection reveals there are many negatives, and any positive effects are just wishful thinking. To begin with, service learning wouldn’t benefit the students’ education. Indeed, many students would be unable to volunteer in their field. This negates any argument that service learning would help the students’ education. While there may be specific cases where a student with a practical major could benefit from volunteering their efforts, this would simply be a positive indirect effect. Not only that, but in many cases such students are already effectively volunteering their time in the form of unpaid internships. If schools wish students to volunteer in such a manner they should be working with charities to establish more voluntary internships. However, as soon as students are forced to volunteer for the sake of volunteering, it no is longer about helping the student. One has to ask: why it is exclusively schools that would take up this forced volunteer work? If it was really a needed benefit to s... ...he community. The only justification for having the students do the work themselves is a sense of civic duty. Unfortunately, by forcing the students to do the work, any positive sense of civic duty will be offset by negative emotions from being forced. A better way to gain the desired sense of civic duty is through additional education that addresses the problems and their causes. In the end, the idea of mandatory service learning doesn’t make sense. Works Cited: Bringle, Robet G. and Julie A. Hatcher. â€Å"Implementing Service Learning in Higher Educations† (Excerpt). Journal of Higher Education 67.2 (1996): 221-223. Print. Caret, Robert L. â€Å"Local Students Serve as They Learn.† Examiner.com. The Examiner. 20 September 2007. Web. 9 Sept. 2008. Egger, John B. â€Å"service 'Learning' Reduced Learning.† Examiner.com. The Examiner, 2 October 2007. Web. 9 Sept. 2008.

Letter to My Old School Friend Essay

It been has been a long time since we last saw each other, so I took this time to write to you. Remember the time in elementary school when we had the field trip before summer vacation. It was a time when we visited the shopping plaza for the very first time in Manhattan. This was one of the memorable days of my life. It all started in science class when we decide to plan a nice surprise for our teacher for her upcoming birthday, so our enthusiastic principle appeared and said† good morning class, I have a great treat for you† and nasha exclaimed with so much curiosity â€Å"were are o the we going† and he said â€Å"to the new shopping plaza† so he gave out letter with a consent form attached with it, so after I went home and get ready for the trip tomorrow , when getting ready my consent form disappeared so I search saying in my mind I am not missing that so, I was so worried and called my friend nasha and she said â€Å" don’t worry this matter is imperceptible† and replied to her in a melancholy voice† why you saying that? If I don’t have the form I cannot go on the trip, is there a next alternative† she said† yes† so I said to her what† she said â€Å"have your parents to write a letter for me† so I told her that is a good idea. So next day I pack my things kissed my mom and rushed on the school bus ,when I got to my the classmate were all lined up to enter the bus. When we got on the bus I sit near the window. When we got there I saw the most building beautiful and creative place.

Classroom Management Essay

Classroom rules and procedures shape the learning experience, allowing students to understand what is expected of them and foster a positive learning environment within the classroom. Rules are necessary within the classroom and society in general. The classroom is often times one of the first experiences that students have to teach them about life and expectations as members of society. For this topic, two in classroom activities and the behavioral expectations for these will be examined: the use of learning centers and cooperative learning groups. We will also consider two out of classroom activities and the behavioral expectations associated with these: field trips and assemblies. Finally, we will discuss evaluation methods that can be put in place to determine the level of understanding of behavioral expectations for these situations. For the first in-class activity, learning centers, we will first take into consideration the size of the group. Learning centers are most commonly small group activities consisting of three to four students. Learning centers should be areas in which students can complete simple tasks that support and reinforce material that is being taught in the classroom. Say, for example a class is learning about plant life. The teacher lectures on the topic and has a whole class activity that is to be completed by the end of the week. Learning centers can reinforce this topic across a wide variety of subjects. There could be a writing center in which students are given a topic such as the stages of plant growth. A math center which might include counting seeds or other plant related material and a science center that could outline the stages of plant growth would reinforce material covered in large group instruction. There could be a computer learning center where there might be a matching game, where students match stages of a plant’s life cycle with vocabulary words. Throughout all of these activities, rules of behavior would be of utmost importance. Small group activities such as these learning centers usually have minimal teacher supervision. Here is a situation in which behavioral expectations are crucial. Rules such as stay in your assigned area, complete the assigned task and assist peers in your station would be critical for students to understand. Cooperative learning groups are the second topic that will be covered. This is similar to learning centers in that students would need to assist their peers within the group, stay in their assigned groups and complete the task assigned. However, another important rule might be to complete your individual task assigned. In cooperative learning groups, many times a large topic or task is broken down into individual jobs and these are assigned to each student who researches a particular topic and comes back to the group to inform them of their findings. The first out of class activity we will look at is field trips. Field trips are an exciting part of the learning experience, often times bringing to life what has been taught in the classroom. This is an experience that mandates students understanding specific rules of behavior. First and foremost, is the rule to stay with your group. Students need to understand the importance of staying close to your teacher/other authorized school adult so that they return safely. Another rule would be to behave appropriately as the environment calls. For example, a student would behave very differently visiting a library vs. visiting an arcade. Discussion on the location that the field trip takes place would be crucial. How one should dress, what noise level is appropriate and other topics would need to be explained to students. The next out of class activity is assemblies. An assembly is an activity that requires multiple classrooms and hence, differing age levels of a school to come together. This can be a situation that is ripe for negative behavior. There are many purposes for assemblies including special appearances of community members or other recognized individuals, or award ceremonies or special recognitions. Since most assemblies include the whole school, they tend to include large numbers of people and are often quite noisy. Rules that students would need to know include keeping a moderate noise level, walking in an orderly and appropriate fashion and keeping an eye on the teacher to know when to enter and exit an area. During the assembly ceremony, rules that need to be outlined include being attentive to the speaker and participating, if appropriate. The question arises of how we can accurately gauge a student’s understanding of behavioral expectations. The old adage of practice makes perfect would be appropriate here. For situations such as assemblies or field trips, a teacher could utilize practice sessions, coaching students on appropriate behavior in those situations, even having a mock assembly or similar activity to gauge how well students understand their responsibilities in that environment. The teacher could provide tips and tricks for the students to attend to such as always keep your eye on the speaker, which shows respect for the person giving the presentation. A more tangible method might be a multiple choice test given to the class. Depending on the age level of students, scenarios could be written asking students to circle the appropriate behaviors and cross out inappropriate behaviors. Rules and procedures are a vitally important lesson taught in classrooms. They are usually the building blocks of kids becoming productive members of society.

Meaning and Origin of the Surname Howard

Meaning and Origin of the Surname Howard The surname Howard possibly comes from the Norman name Huard or Heward which derives from German elements like hug heart, mind, spirit and hard hardy, brave, and strong. While the origins of the surname are unclear, it is theorized that it holds an English background from the Anglo- Scandinavian name Haward with derives from Ol Norse elements like h ‘high’ varà °r meaning guardian and warden. Huard or Heward is also thought to be one of the origins of the Norman-French personal name of the Norman Conquest of England in the 11th century. Additionally, there is a background of the surname Howard in relation to Irish with Gaelic notations. Howard is the  70th most popular surname  in the United States. One popular alternate surname spelling is Hayward. Discover genealogy resources, famous notable people, and three other possible surname origins aside from  English  below. Surname Origins Several possible origins for the Howard surname include the following: Derived from the Old Germanic name hugihard, denoting one strong of heart, or very brave.Derived from Germanic term howart, meaning high chief, warden, or chief warden.From hof-ward, the keeper of a hall Notable Persons Ron Howard:  American actor, producer, and director who got his start on The Andy Griffith Show and Happy Days.Dwight Howard:  American NBA basketball player playing center for the Houston Rockets.Bryce Dallas Howard:  Daughter of the film director Ron Howard and actress known for her role on the show Parenthood, directed by her father. Genealogy Resources 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Howard Family Genealogy Forum  Search this popular genealogy forum for the Howard surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Howard queryFamilySearch - Howard GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Howard surname and its variations.Howard Surname Family Mailing Lists  RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Howard surname.Cousin Connect - Howard Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Howard, and sign up for free notification when new Howard queries are added.DistantCousin.com - Howard Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Howard. To look for the meaning of a given name, use the resource First Name Meanings. If you are unable to find your last name listed, you can suggest  a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings and Origins. References: Surname Meanings and Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German-Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Term Papers for Sale

Term Papers for Sale Term Papers for Sale Term Papers for Sale There are two types of term papers for sale. First, there are pre-written term papers for sale. These papers can be bought by any student and nobody will give you a refund if the paper does not fit your topic. Second, there are term papers for sale written by professional writers from scratch but at lower price. offers the second type of term papers for sale. Custom term papers are original and written to meet the specifics of your topic and requirements.In addition, our writers have prepared an excellent and absolutely free blog with tips on term paper writing. Term Papers Example A good part of the explanation of the decline of fertility since 1960 can be viewed as a kind of demographic backlash to the baby boom. Those women who had their children early in marriage during the preceding decade or so achieved their family-size goals sooner than they would have otherwise and consequently contributed fewer births to the sixties than they might have. The process is not unlike an accordion which was compressed at the beginning and stretched out subsequently. In addition, their younger sisters who have been marrying during this past decade are simply having fewer births at least during their early years of marriage. Women aged 20-24 in 1969 had 40 percent fewer children than women in that age group in 1960. Perhaps these births are being postponed and will occur later. Whether later will mean fewer will have to be seen. As of 1965 there was little hard evidence that the young women of the sixties wanted and intended to have fewer children than their older sisters who married after the war and during the fifties. The average number of children expected by married women has not varied much between 1955 and 1965. But our guess is that having fewer births in the early years of childbearing will mean a total of fewer later and that today's younger married couples will end up with smaller families. It should be emphasized however that there is yet no firm basis for predicting a return to the low of 2.3 children recorded by the women now in their late fifties and early sixties. Women 25 to 29 years old in January of 1969 had an average of 1.9 children compared with an average of 2.1 children for women this age in 1965 and 2.0 in 1960. As the professional staff of the Census Bureau indicates, the decline since 1965 in the cumulative fertility of women 25 to 29 is of special interest because women of that age are far enough along in their childbearing to conclude that women currently of this age most likely will reach age 45 or the end of childbearing with fewer children than the women who were 35-39 years old in 1969. They go on to forecast a probable completed fertility of 2.8 for this cohort. There is some evidence that families smaller than this might be preferred if we can trust the extent of reported unwanted fertility. That a group of women did achieve a family size close to replacement (an average of about 2.1 children is required to insure the same population in the next generation) several decades ago when contraceptive techniques were less sophisticated than even today's unsatisfactory variety is compelling testimony to the fact that lower fertility is attainable even without a revolution in contraceptive technology. The experience of many western European countries also testifies to this capability. Term Papers Custom Writing Service Term papers for sale are much cheaper than custom paper writing service. Nevertheless, we decided to make custom term paper writing affordable.& Thus, today you can take full advantage of professional custom paper writing service at the lowest possible price! No plagiarism!

Fashion writing - Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Essay

Fashion writing - Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie - Essay Example The essay "Fashion writing - Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie" examines fashion writing of the Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie. The position thus presented him with an effective opportunity to influence the history of design and fashion through literatures, which had become the fastest growing medium. As an editor, Wilde understood his practice as a writer and therefore understood every word used analytically. Through this view, his first major activity at the news outlet was to vouch for the change of the name of the magazine. The magazine was prior to his employment called The Lady’s world, however with Wilde’s entry into the company, he argued that the word â€Å"lady† restricted the audience to a particular segment of the female audience. By changing the name from The Lady’s world to The woman’s world, Wilde arguably widened the audience f the magazine by targeting limitless female members of the society. For the two years that Wilde served as the editor of th e magazine, his contribution to the history of fashion and design was immense as he reached and influenced thousands of the magazine’s female readers. Wilde’s influence to fashion and design was through literature. He used his magazine to bring together top designers and their target audience thus proving the society with a seamless flow and changes in fashion. Prior to his assumption of office as the editor of the highly celebrated magazine, the term fashion befitted a specific caliber of women in the society. the society had few designers. who equally targeted the high society. fashion, design and trendy attires thus belonged to the society’s wealthy. Additionally, the absence of an effective means of communication complicated the development of fashion since both the designers and their markets lacked a medium of interaction through which they could share ideas thus shape the future of the profession. This made it difficult for fashion and design to spread to other societies. The rich had personal designers. Additionally, they maintained their interactions to the echelons of the society. This way, the rich domesticated fashion and design the expense of the middle class who as Wilde proved consisted of the majority and was therefore capable of changing the industry (Hollander, 1993). Wilde interacted with top designers and shared ideas with them. Even though he lacked fashion and design technical knowhow, he revolutionized the industry by providing the link between the designers and their markets through the media. Additionally, the lack of an effective media limited the interaction among designers. It was therefore difficult for the designers to consult and compare their designs among themselves. Through the magazine, Wilde interviewed and published hundreds of works by various designers. Through the magazine and the heightened interaction among the different tenets in the society, fashion and design became an interactive profession wit h more upcoming designers having a platform to socialize and share ideas with the established designers. The magazine demystified some of the misconceptions about the practice and the selective approach that most designers had adopted. The magazine widened the readership to the middle class female members of the society and in so doing drew the attention of the previously marginalized community as designers began targeting the class. Besides his role as the editor of the magazine, Wilde was also a playwright and managed a theatre. These provided the editor with an effective opportunity to infuse the two and use theatre to expand the

Music Publishing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Music Publishing - Essay Example Musicians are artists that are mostly hard working and unacknowledged. Making money with music is not an easy road. The way for any business to make money is through volume and this is no different in the music industry. Volume comes when one recording is sold repeatedly so that the money accumulates and makes the people who created and own the music money from its sales. What typically happens, however, is that those with the power ‘buy out’ the rights to what a musician plays so that they do not get paid for every use of the recording that is paid for by one entity or another. Musicians with power will continue to own their rights, but those who are hired for short term of only for the period of time to make a recording are bought out so that the re-sale of the music is not limited by a large body of ‘partners’ who all have rights to be paid (Harrison 2011, p. 232). There was a time when even the artists were not included in the group who was paid on the r eturn of selling the music. Paul McCartney can attest to the pain of that as he saw his entire catalogue of music sold to Michael Jackson after sharing with him that it was going up for sale. As a result of that sale, every time that McCartney wants to play â€Å"Hey Jude† he has to pay a royalty, even though he wrote the song. (Marinucci 2009). In order to create ownership to a piece of music the contract must include that ownership will be retained either in part or as a whole. The statement that is being addressed is whether or not â€Å"All musicians featured on a popular music recording are entitled to an appropriate share and interest in the music publishing copyright of the work performed on that recording†. In addressing the definitions of music, composition, and ownership, the answer is that it is not the case that all musicians would be qualified to gain as an author to a piece of music should they participate in its recording. Contribution is very specifical ly defined and if a contributor does nothing to qualify under the parameters that have been set, they are not eligible for an interest in the exploitation of that piece of music (McLeod and DiCola 2011, p. 78). 2. Defining Music The first thing that must be done in order to support a legal definition of ownership and the right to be paid for music is in defining what is meant by music. The written composition is not what is being discussed. Music is what is heard. Arnold (2009, p. 1) uses the example of a piece of music that is played by Louis Armstrong as it is compared to that of Peter Ecklund. The distinction is clear as the sound that Armstrong creates has a quality that is unique to his own personal nuances in the work. In modern collectives, however, it is not as simple as that. Burnard (2012, p. 68) discusses the creative process for musicians. It is a process that sometimes is led by one or done isolated, that can be done by only select members, or is most often a collective experience in which the philosophy and intentionality of the group is expressed through what is produced musically. This not only includes the musicians, but the producer and sometimes the managers as they all work towards the production of a type of audible expression. Burnard (2012), p. 69) states that this is a â€Å"non-linear, multifactorial, and relational†

VALUE OF HUMAN CAPITAL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

VALUE OF HUMAN CAPITAL - Essay Example The accountants continue to ignore the value of human capital and stick to the age-old theory of ratio analysis and interpretation of financial statements. Ironically, these too are fraught with errors and can be easily manipulated to deceive the stakeholders. The happenings at Enron are well known when all they were concerned was with maximizing shareholder value and hence they hid debts and overemphasized profits (Gardner, 2006). Dubious accounts were passed and the account that was presented to the public was fraught with discrepancies. At WorldCom the company’s profits were artificially boosted and costs were considered as capital investment, on which they even claimed depreciation (Bhattacharya, 2004). All these helped the company to sustain its apparently smooth and rapid earning growth. The stock prices were artificially escalated and the company loan was used to buy personal properties. Several such instances can be found round the world and such manipulation is possible only with the connivance of the auditors or the accountants. Human capital has become important as it is the source of innovation and strategy. Human capital is the combination of genetic inheritance, education, experience and attitude towards life and business (Bontis and Fitz-enz, 2002). Tacit knowledge is acquired by interacting with others and is connected to life’s experiences. This tacit knowledge has to be converted and retained within the organization so that they can compete in the knowledge-based economy (Marwick, 2001). Human capital adds value, is not substitutable and leads to sustained competitive advantage. At Microsoft, human capital is the greatest asset, is demonstrated by the fact that they form teams to accelerate design and test new software modules. They invest in people and technology and they have learnt how to share knowledge rapidly through out the organization (Edmondson, 2003). They

Web-based Geovisualization of Renewable Energy

Web-based Geovisualization of Renewable Energy Table of Contents (Jump to) 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction to renewable energy 2.2 Web based Spatial Data Visualization Method 2.3 Geovisualization Tools Bibliography Table of Figures Figure 1: Map of share renewable energy for gross final energy consumption and electricity generation in European Countries (European Comission) Figure 2: BMU-Brochure â€Å"Renewable energy sources in figures – national and international development†, provisional figures. Provided by BEE (Federal Ministry for the Environment, 2012) 1 Introduction Geovisualization is set of tools and techniques to analyze geospatial data with the use of interactive visualization. It’s identical with large datasets of spatial data, means creating geovisualization requires large datasets handling. In the past it was almost impossible to visualize and analyze this large spatial data, but it changed since the rapidly development of technology these past decades, as tools have been developed by individuals and organization. As a result, spatial information becomes more available and accessible to support the use of location information for other related fields in order to produce better analysis and clearer visualization. Many researches have been conducted in geovisualization field. Different approaches are implemented to create a number of software such as: statistical data exploration, graph drawing techniques, exploratory visualization with multiple linked view, visualizing individual spatio-temporal behavior, design of spatio-temporal data visualization tools, etc. The technologies and approaches are applied based on type of data to be visualized and the result expected for geospatial. For example: flow map is used in analysis of migration and disease spread in the U.S. this flow map purpose is to show a form of weighted location-to-location network, the pattern movement of people or disease from one location to another location. Whereas, another map visualization will be preferable with different aim of visualization such as chloropleth map is to show statistical data aggregated for each area such as state or city by coloring or shading these regions. Generally in choropleth map, differences in hue are used to indicate qualitative differences, such as land use, while differences in saturation or lightness are used to indicate quantitative differences, such as population. In renewable energy area, Eurostat has published time series (per year) web based map with statistic illustrated for Renewable energy generation of European Union member. The map created is a cloroplath map using different colors that refers to percentage range of renewable energy share of each country in gross final energy consumption and electricity generated from renewable energy. Figure 1: Map of share renewable energy for gross final energy consumption and electricity generation in European Countries (European Comission) The percentage of share renewable energy used by each country not only identified by color and number range in agenda, but also shows by mouse over effect, when user pointed certain area in map, text and percentage of renewable energy generation will be appear. This thesis aims to create web-based geovisualization of renewable energy to monitor the growth of renewable energy share in Germany especially in electricity production. Data is obtained from enerymap.info that collects data from EEG messages in form of csv file. Two main ways to visualize data proposed are graphs and maps. Main visualization result will be the different aggregation level of area in Germany (based on states and counties), time series and statistics. To be able creating web based geovisualization, mapping technology and graph tools creator becoming issue. There is a need of tools that provide functionality to create map and graph with fast response that support web based application performance. Topojson is proposed to be used as mapping visualization combined with graph to show the statistical illustration. One tool free available that has the ability to connect topoJSON map and data in array format to create maps and graphs is D3.js. This JavaScript library is fast and efficient to handle large dataset and enabling maps with interaction and animation (Kà ¶bben, 2013). To create web based geovisualization, this thesis proposes the use of free tools to develop the web based application. However, because of the input data is in German format, all numerical values that are needed for statistical illustration is saved in text values, pre processing to re format data is necessary and will be done in arcGIS using phyton code. Additio nally, geo processing tools from arcgis are also needed in the pre processing stage to group and select important data from the large dataset to be visualized in the web based geovisualization. Shapefiles result of geo processing will be stored in topoJSON contains both gemotry values and properties that will be processed as input for final visualization using web based tools and d3.js library. 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction to renewable energy According to European Energy Security Strategy document(strategy, 2014), energy is a vital part of Europe’s economy that motivates European commission to secure energy supplies and open access to energy sources in order to provide affordable price. There are several policies to rule energy supplies: EU’s 2020 energy and climate policies, energy efficiency and renewable energy policies. In between 1995 and 2012, total demand of energy decreased gradually due to economic crisis, structural changes in EU’s economy and significant increase of crude oil price. During that time period, crude oil still dominate the energy demand among other sources, but surprisingly the number has declined slightly from around 21% to 17%, in contrary, share of renewable energy has doubled to almost 11%. The increase share of renewable energy has helped European countries to gradually suppress demands of energy imports, even though oil still holds the largest quantity for almost 90% impo rt dependencies for energy sources. Germany as one of EU member has set national integrated climate and energy package as follows for EU’s 2020 energy and climate policies. One of the main focuses of the national commitments is in electricity generation considering electricity has relatively high share in many sectoral levels such as: industry, agriculture, residential, service and transport. Figure 2: BMU-Brochure â€Å"Renewable energy sources in figures – national and international development†, provisional figures. Provided by BEE (Federal Ministry for the Environment, 2012) From above figure of electricity generation from renewable energy, wind gives the largest contribution in electricity generation followed by hydropower, biomass, biogas and photovoltaic sequentially. Governments set goals to increase share of renewable energy in electricity sector for around 25-30% by 2020(EEG, 2012) by offering support of stable policy for the growth of renewable energy and feed-in tariff of fixed price of every kilowatt-hour electricity produced by renewable energy in 20 years. The feed-in tariffs have been introduced through the electricity feed act(StrEG) in 1991. StrEG was then replaced by Renewable energy resource Act (EEG) in 2001. Based on EEG amendment in 2014, federal network agency officially operates the official plant register. Energymap.info with aim to support EEG and the visibility of renewable energy in Germany publishes publicly data available in the website. Data is combined from EEG messages and assigned to each region. Then calculate non-trading energy produced for all areas and create top 10 regions that achieve highest target for renewable energy. 2.2 Web based Spatial Data Visualization (Geovisualization) Technique Nowadays, spatial information is more available influences by the growth of web GIS technology and supporting tools. One of the purposes of developing geovisualization with web-based mapping technology is to increase the accessibility of spatial data through online system. However, because geographical data is identical with large dataset, needs technology and database with fast response to develop a web-based GIS application because both of aspects will influence over all website performance. A paper with title: Developing Efficient Web-based GIS Application has published nand this research focuses on the comparison for mapping technology and databases for webGIS application(Adnan, et al., 2010). Based on this paper, tile based maps are preferable than static map renders. Tile based map can handle large data set by divided maps into different zoom levels. Various popular use tile based maps geovisualization technique are Google maps, yahoo maps and open layers. This map is faster to load because only respond to user specific location requests. However, at the end section of this paper, writer proposes preferable database and mapping technology to be implemented in webGIS application to give better performance for web application. Flash map that based on vector images becomes the final choice for fly rendered map capability and it’s developed along with popular tools adobe illustrator and already integrated with an API in ArcGIS (ArcGIS Flex API) and flash with google map API. While for the database of web GIS requires efficient performance of database in response user request, because the nature of GIS web-based application needs large amounts of geographically referenced data to be displayed from database. Oracle is final choice to handle large dataset among other databases free available tools. However, both for mapping technology and database are commercial software, not free available even though both offered great functionality to create web GIS ap plication. Moreover, flash map requires flash player in the web browser to enable user view the map. In another research, Luca Morandini writes: Getting the best performance for GeoJSON Map visualizations: PostGIS vs CouchDB back-end, explains another possibility to visualize map through online system with technique called TopoJSON. This research mentions Geojson is one possibility to send geometries data from server to client. Geojson is formed by encoding geographic data structure into one object. Geojson supports various geometry types such as: point, lineString, polygon, multipoint, multiLineString, multiPolygon, and geometryCollection. However the extended of GeoJSON called TopoJSON format is considered to be more effective for geographical data because the reduction of response size by applying a topological approach. GeoJSON is handy dealing with browser but causes duplication of polygon’s border, while topoJSON is encoding topology that creates geometry simplification and defines polygons as arcs collections that shared by adjacent polygons that reduces file size. Acc ording to this research, TopoJSON data size is reduce about 30% from original geoJSON(Morandini, 2013). The reduction of file size used in web application will improve the performance and response of user request. In addition, tools to create both geoJSON and topoJSON are freely available. 2.3 Geovisualization Tools D3.js provides many functions for graph and also map to build customize visualization framework. D3.js is easy to use and written in a functional style that can be reuse and add specific functions to create desired content. D3.js gives full customize ability to developer to create the visualization by support of various d3.js functions(Anon., n.d.). d3.js is used in web application to utilize web page communication with data that are with form of JSON or loading external data: csv, geoJSON, topoJSON or database. D3.js is a JavaScript library to manipulate Data Object Model (DOM) by binding data, apply transformation and transition to create interactive data visualization. D3.js library works with combination of other tools such as HTML and CSS to create web based visualization system (Maclean, 2014). Two main focuses for using d3.js in this thesis are to create graphs and mapping visualization. In creating graph, external or JSON data can be used. Firstly, create canvas with svg object by setting margin and graph area. This svg will be the container to bind data to be visualized in the application. Then, data rendered with data() command. Next, set scales domains and ranges of x and y axes with domain() and scale() commands. Lastly, add text or modify the appearance of the graph(Mulder, 2014) Not only to create graph visualization, d3.js is also can be used to create mapping visualization. D3.js includes several common projections in it’s library to support mapping visualization. There are 3 main steps to create mapping visualization using d3.js: create projection function with projection system options from d3.js, create path function that will store all geometry values, using geojson or topojson as object data to draw map in path (Jenson, n.d.). All geo functionalities to build the map are provided by d3.js. There are significant invested amount of time to learn geoJson structure but once user familiarwith the function and data structure, visualization can be easily to create. Thus, d3.js can be utilized to create various geovisualization techniques such as: stack display, iconic display, dense pixel display and also interaction techniques that can be added to create a more interactive visualization, such as: standard, projection, filtering, and zoom (Dykes, et a l., 2005) . D3.js is also fast and efficient to handle large dataset and enabling maps with interaction and animation (Kà ¶bben, 2013) Bibliography Adnan, M., Singleton, A. Longley, P., 2010. Development Efficient Web-Based GIS Applications. London, CASA. Anon., n.d. Dashing D3. [Online] Available at: https://www.dashingd3js.com/why-build-with-d3js [Accessed 16 January 2015]. Dykes, J., Fabrikant, S. Wood, J., 2005. Exploring Geovisualization. In: Exploring Geovisualization. London, Enschede: Elsevier, p. 4. EEG, 2012. Act on granting priority to renewable energy sources, s.l.: EEG. EREC, 2009. Renewable Energy Policy Review, Germany, s.l.: Intelligent Energy Europe. Federal Ministry for the Environment, N. C. a. N. S., 2012. Renewable Energies Driving Germanys Energiewende, Berlin: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU), Public Relations Division. Jenson, G., n.d. d3.js Geo fun. [Online] Available at: http://www.hashbang.co.nz/blog/2013/2/25/d3_js_geo_fun [Accessed 15 JAnuary 2015]. Kà ¶bben, B., 2013. Using the D3 library for web-mapping in an SDI environment. May, pp. 14-17. Maclean, M., 2014. D3 Tips and Tricks Interactive Data Visualization in a Web Browser. s.l.:Lean Publishing. Morandini, L., 2013. Getting The Best Performance For GeoJSON Map Visualizations: PostGIS Vs CouchDB back-end. Nottingham, At Nottingham, UK . Mulder, P., 2014. Getting Started with D3. [Online] Available at: http://thinkingonthinking.com/Getting-Started-With-D3/ [Accessed 15 January 2015]. strategy, C. S. E. e. s., 2014. COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT: In-depth study of European Energy Security, s.l.: s.n. 1